Yes. Wars and plagues-infectious, epidemic diseases which spread between countries can quickly wipe out, or completely destroy, millions of people.

是的。战争，瘟疫——能够在国家之间迅速传染的传染性流行——能够快速消除，彻底毁数以百万计的人类。

Yes. Wars and plagues – infectious, epidemic diseases which spread between countries can quickly wipe out – or completely destroy, millions of people.

是的。战争和瘟疫——在国家间传播的传染性流行，可以迅速消——全摧毁数百万人。

That nasty epidemic disease affects cattle and many wild cud-chewing mammals, but not humans.

这种令人讨厌的流行影响牛和许多野生反刍哺乳动物，但不影响人类。

The final stage of this evolution is represented by the major, long-established epidemic diseases confined to humans.

这一演变的最后阶段以人类历史悠久的主要流行为代表。

Of course, we also have the tools we need to end global poverty, epidemic disease and the abuse of women as well.

当然，我们也拥有结束全球贫困、流行和虐待妇女行为所需的工具。

Altogether about a million people in Ireland are reliably estimated to have died of starvation and epidemic disease during the four-year famine.

据可靠估计，爱尔兰共有约 100 万人在四年饥荒期间死于饥饿和流行。

While the New World and Australia did not harbor native epidemic diseases awaiting Europeans, tropical Asia, Africa, Indonesia, and New Guinea certainly did.

虽然新世界和澳大利亚没有等待欧洲人的本土流行，但热带亚洲、非洲、度尼西亚和新几内亚肯定有。

Millions of Native Americans died because of epidemic diseases, which were illnesses that made a large number of the Native Americans sick very quickly.

数百万的人因流行而丧生，这些疾是使大量人迅速倒的症。

So-called epidemic diseases, though, produce no cases for a long time, then a whole wave of cases, then no more cases again for a while.

然而，所谓的流行，是在很长一段时间内没有例，然后出现一波例，然后一段时间又没有例。

Hence when we domesticated social animals, such as cows and pigs, they were already afflicted by epidemic diseases just waiting to be transferred to us.

因此，当我们驯养诸如牛、猪之类的社会动物时，它们就已经遭受了流行的折磨，等待着传染给我们。

All four of these traits apply to what Americans think of as the familiar acute epidemic diseases of childhood, including measles, rubella, mumps, pertussis, and smallpox.

所有这四个特征都适用于美国人认为熟悉的儿童期急性流行，包括麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎、百日咳和天花。

In contrast, New Guineans have been living in societies where human numbers were too low for epidemic diseases of dense populations to evolve.

相比之下，新几内亚人一直生活在人口数量太少的社会中，人口稠密的流行无法进化。

Among such epidemic diseases, influenza is one personally familiar to most Americans, certain years being particularly bad years for us (but great years for the influenza virus).

在这些流行中，流感是大多数美国人都熟悉的一种疾，某些年份对我们来说特别糟糕（但对流感毒来说却是好年份）。

When so many people are put in all these metal tubes that fly all over the world, sometimes, things can happen and you get a disease epidemic.

当这么多人被放入这些飞往世界各地的金属管中时, 有时会发生一些事情, 你会得到一种疾流行。

Among animals, too, epidemic diseases require large, dense populations and don't afflict just any animal: they're confined mainly to social animals providing the necessary large populations.

在动物中，流行也需要大量、密集的种群，并且不会影响任何动物：它们主要局限于提供必要的大量种群的社会性动物。

However, the differential mortality from epidemic diseases in traditional European societies had little to do with intelligence, and instead involved genetic resistance dependent on details of body chemistry.

然而，传统欧洲社会流行造成的死亡率差异与智力无关，而是与取决于身体化学细节的遗传抵抗力有关。

Diseases can be classified differently. For instance, an epidemic disease is one that strikes many persons in a community. When it strikes the same region year after year it is an endemic disease.

急性发作快、程短。举个例子来说，急性心脏常常无征兆的地发作，而且会很快致命。

Thus, food production and thousands of years of societal evolution following its adoption were as essential for the evolution of writing as for the evolution of microbes causing human epidemic diseases.

因此，粮食生产及其采用后数千年的社会进化对于文字的进化和引起人类流行的微生物的进化一样至关重要。

The small population size of tribelets explains not only why they can't sustain epidemics introduced from the outside, but also why they never could evolve epidemic diseases of their own to give back to visitors.

小部落人口规模小，不仅解释了为什么他们无法承受外来的流行，也解释了为什么他们永远无法进化出自己的流行来回报游客。

We looked back throughout the historical record - all recorded human history, to see examples of threats which have wiped out, or killed millions of people in the past, including wars and plagues which spread epidemic diseases between populations.

我们回顾了所有历史记录——所有记载下来的人类历史，来看看一些关于威胁的例子，它们在过去已经毁掉杀死了数百万人，这些威胁包括战争以及在人口之间传播流行的瘟疫。